\iAa4 


f »  I 

1820 


United  States  War  Department, 
Cominittee  on  military  affairs. 
Report  of  the  committee .. .in 
relation  to  the  expenditures  which 
have  been. . .Incurred. ., the  expedi- 
tion to  the  Yellow  Stone  river.. « 


n'r.S. 


\. 


».  -•::;i,  iva»; :;  ■ 


C  24  J  ^ 


OJ  the  Committee  an  Military  affairs,  in  relation  to  the  expenditures 
which  have  been,  and  are  likely  to  be  incurred,  in  fitting  out 
and  prosecuting  the  expedition  to  the  Yellotv  Stone  river,  and  other 
objects  connected  ivith  the  said  expedition;  together  with  a  state- 
ment of  the  distnbution  of  the  army  of  the  United  StateSf  its  total 
strength,  and  the  strength  of  gai-risons,  Sfc.  Sj-c. 


January  3,  1820. 
Read,  and  ordered  to  lie  upon  the  table. 


ti 

z6 


The  Committee  on  Militarj'  AffrJrs  have,  according  to  order, 
inquired  into  the  expenditures  which  have  been  and  are  likely  to  be 
incurred  in  fitting  out  and  prosecuting  the  expedition  ordered  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Yellow  Stone  river,  on  the  Missouri,  and  concerning 
the  objects  intended  to  be  accompl'shcd  by  the  expedition.  The 
moveinent  of  the  troops,  made  and  intended  to  be  made,  and  the  in- 
curied  and  estimated  expense,  appear  by  the  letter  of  the  Quarter- 
master General  to  the  Secretary  of  ^Var  (marked  A.)  and  the  state- 
ments numbered  1,  2,  3.  and  4;  the  objects  of  the  expedition  ai*e 
fully  explained  by  the  letter  of  the  Secretai*y  of  War  to  the  Chairman 
of  the  Military  Committee,  (mai  kcd  B.)  The  committee  have  also 
obtained  a  statement  of  the  distribution  of  the  army  of  the  United 
States,  its  total  strength,  and  the  strength  of  garrisons  and  posts, 
(marked  C.) 

All  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

.'$7981 0 


\ 

•  •  1 
[  24] 

,  ■  V 

) 


^     ^£Ctter^  from  t^  C(uarter  Master  General  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 
%  * 

Quarter  Master  General's  Office, 

December  28,  1819. 

Sir:  In  obedience  to  your  order,  requiring  a  statement  of  the 
expense  incurred  by  the  movements  on  the  Missouri,  and  an  estimate 
of  the  sums  which  will  be  required  for  the  ensuing  three  years,  I  have 
the  honor  to  repoi't,  that  sevei-al  of  the  accounts  connected  with  those 
movements  have  not  yet  been  received,  particularly  that  of  Colonel 
James  Johnson,  who  was  employed  as  a  transpoi'ter  of  troops,  provi- 
sions, and  stores.  But,  on  the  most  liberal  estimate,  I  am  convinced 
that  the  whole  expense  of  the  movement  for  the  present  year,  includ- 
ing all  the  supplies  furnisiied  by  the  Quai'ter  Master's  Department, 
cannot  exceed  one  hundred  and  sixty -three  thousand  dollars.  From 
that  sum  sliould  be  deducted  the  expense  which  would  have  accrued 
had  the  troops  remained  at  their  former  stations,  as  well  as  the  entire 
value  of  the  barges,  battcaux,  and  other  means  of  transportation  (the 
property  of  tiie  government)  attached  to  the  expedition;  and  the  re- 
mainder will  be  the  amount  of  expense  actually  incurred.  As  the 
establishments  on  the  Mississippi  are  included  in  the  plan  of  defence 
for  the  western  frontier,  it  is  thought  that  a  statement  of  the  move- 
ments made,  of  the  works  established,  and  of  the  expense  incurred^ 
might  not  be  unsatisfactory. 

By  a  reference  to  the  accompanying  statements,  it  w  ill  be  seeu 
that  the  expenses  of  the  cstablisiiments,  both  on  the  Missouri  and  the 
Mississippi,  will  diminish  every  year.  Tliose  statements  are  pre- 
dicated upon  arrangements  already  made  for  the  supply  of  a  j>art 
of  the  provisions,  all  the  forage,  fuel,  and  quartei's,  and  after  the  next 
year,  the  greater  part  of  the  transportation,  by  the  troops,  and  at  but 
trifling  expense  to  the  public. 

No.  1  shows  the  movements  made,  and  the  works  established  by 
the  troops,  on  both  rivers. 

No.  2  is  a  statement  of  the  expense  incurred  by  the  movement  on 
the  Missourif  and  an  estimate  of  the  probable  expense  for  the  ensuing 
three  years.  You  will  perceive  that  the  two  leginicnts  have  cost 
sixty-four  thousand  two  hundred  and  twenty-six  dolhirs  more  than 
they  would  have  cost  had  they  remained  at  their  original  sta- 
tions. With  that  additional  expense,  one  of  the  regiments  has  been 
moved  nearly  three  thousand  miles;  barracks  have  been  erected  for 
a  thousand  men,  and  an  important  work  lias  been  established,  which 
will  enable  us  to  hold  in  check  Jive  poxveiftd  and  warlike  nations  of 
Indians. 

No.  3  is  a  statement  of  the  expense  incurred  in  making  the  esta- 
blishment on  the  Mississippi,  with  an  estimate  of  the  amount  requir- 


[24] 


8 


ed  for  the  next  three  years.  The  troops  on  that  river  have  cost  less 
than  they  would  have  cost  at  their  former  stations,  in  consequence 
of  their  having  provided  boats,  fuel,  quarters,  &c.  without  expense  to 
the  government.  The  greater  part  of  the  transportation  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi will  be  done,  in  future,  by  the  troops,  by  which  a  considera- 
ble sum  will  be  saved. 

No.  4  is  a  statement  of  the  works  on  which  it  is  proposed  that 
the  troops  be  employed.  It  is  believed  that  tliose  works  may  be  ac- 
complished in  less  than  three  years;  they  will  be  important  in  any 
plan  of  defence,  particularly  the  roads,  and  the  avenue  formed  by  the 
Fox  and  Ouisconsin  rivers,  which  will  be  necessary  to  afford  a  com- 
munication between  the  several  frontier  posts,  and  between  those 
posts  and  our  settlements. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

TH.  S.  JESUP,  q.  M.  General. 
The  Hon.  J.  C.  Calhoiw, 

Secretary  of  War. 


t 

^ 


(No.  1.) 


STATEMENT  shewing  the  movements  of  the  Troops  composing  the  Slissouvi  and  Mississippi  expeditions,  in  the  course 

of  the  year  1819. 


CORPS. 

Whence  tlic  movements 

Routes  by  which  the  movements 

Pi'esent  stations 

g  1  °  3 

REMARKS. 

were  commenced. 

were  made. 

of  the  troops. 

III! 

3 

Miles. 

6tli  Regiment  of  Infantry 

Plattsburgh,  N.  York 

New- York,  Pittsburgh,  and  Saint  LouLs 

Council  Blufl's 

2,628 

At  Council  Bluffs  a  strong  work  has  been  erect- 
ed by  tlie  troops,  for  the  security  of  the  can- 

Detachment of  Riflemen 

Pliiladelphia 

Piftsburgh  and  Saint  Louis 

Council  Blufl's 

2,350 

tonment,  and  barracks  suftlcient  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  one  thousand  men. 

Detachment  of  Riflemen 

Prairie  du  Chien 

BeJe  Fontaine  and  Missouri 

Council  Bluffs 

i,2ro 

Provisions,  clothing,  stationery,  and  camp 
ci|uipagp,  for  one  year,  and  ordnance,  and 

Detachment  of  Riflemen 

Belle  Fontaine 

Mbsouri  River 

Council  Bluffs 

670 

ordimncc  stores,  to  complete  the  cstablisli- 
ments,  have  been  forwarded  to  the  respective 

Detaclimcnt  of  Riflemen 

Martin  Cantonment 

Missouri  River 
Pi^burgh  and  Saint  Lnius 

Council  Bluffs 

280 

posts. 
At  Prairie  du  Chien  tlie  •barracks  have  been  re- 

Detachment of  3th  lufantrj 

Philadelphia 

Prairie  du  Chien 

2,180 

paired  by  the  troops,  and  the  wlieat  in  culti- 

vation secured,  sutlicient  for  the  subsistence 

Large  detachment  of  the") 
5tli  Regiment                J 

Detroit 

Grin  Bay.  Fox,  and  Ouisconsin.  rivers,  T 
tojPrairic  du  Clucn,lhcncc  by  the  Mis-  J- 
sissippi                                                  J 

of  the  garrison  for  the  ensuing  winter. 

Saint  Peters 

1,270 

At  St.  Peters,  barracks  liavc  been  erectt-d  for 

tlip  a(  commodation  of  the  troops,  and  a  work 

i 

commenced  for  the  security  of  the  post. 

(  No.  2.  ) 


ESTIMATE  of  the  eacpeuses  of  the  troops  composing  the  Missouri   e.vpedilion,  for  the  year  1819,  with  what  their  expense  woiM 
have  been,  had  their  stations  not  been  changed,  and  tlie  amount  tchich  7cill  be  required  for  the  succeeding  three  years. 


Estiinatoil  cost  of  the  transportation  of  provisions,  ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  camp  equipage,  and  the  troops, 
in  tlie  year  1819,  .  .  .  .  .  . 

Estimated  cost  of  fuel  and  stationery,  for  the  troops,  and  Forage  for  public  horses  and  oxen,  and  incidental 
expenses. 


From  which  deduct  the  average  cost  of  tlie  two  regiments  com 

burg,  and  Belle  Fontaine, 
Also,  tlie  estimated  value  of  the  means  of  transportation  attach|Hl 

horses,  oxen,  Ace. 


fosingthc  expedition,  had  they  remained  at  Platts- 
to  the  expedition,  consisting  of  bai'ges,  battcaux. 


Extra  ex])ense  incurred  by  the  movement,  in  the  year  1819, 
M  ill  be  rc(piircd  for  the  year  1820,  .  .   ,, 

1821,  .  .    |i 

1822, 


Extra  cxjicnse  incurred  in  1819.  and  the  amount  which  will  he 
From  which  deduct  the  estimat<'d  cost  of  the  two  regiments  co 
stations,  for  the  years  1820,  1821,  and  1822,  at  an  avcragIB 

Extra  expense  incurred  by  the  movement,  in  the  course  of  four 


necessary  for  the  succeeding  three  years, 
posing  the  expedition,  had  they  remamed  at  their 
of  839,384,  per  regiment,  per  annum. 


Which,  deducted  from  the  amount  saved  on  the  Mississippi,  rei 
two  expeditions,  of  .  .  . 


ults  in  a  saving,  in  the  course  of  four  years,  in  the 


878,768  00 
20,000  00 


5100,000  00 
53,300  00 
50,140  00 


8152,994  GO 

10,000  00 

2162,994  00 


8  64,226  GO 


3203,440  00 


g267 
S236 

,C66 
304 

00 

00 

831 

362 

00 

S42 

485 

84 

( No.  3. ) 

INTIMATE  of  the  Expenses  of  the  Troops  composing  the  Mississippi  Expedition,  for  the  year  1819,  with  rchat  their  expenses  would 
have  been,  had  they  remained  at  their  former  stations,  and  the  amount  which  will  be  required  for  the  succeeding  three  years. 


Kstimatcd  cost  of  the  transportation  of  provisions,  ordna 

year  1819,  .... 

Estimated  cost  of  fuel  and  stationery  for  the  troops,  and  biage  for  public  horses  and  oxen,  and  incidental  expenses 


ice,  ordnance  stores,  camp  equipage,  and  the  troops,  in  the 
orage  for  public  horses  and  oxen,  and  incidental  expenses 
:omposing  the  expedition,  liad   it  remained  at  its  former 


From  whicli  deduct  the  average  cost  of  tlio  regiment 

station  in  1819  ............ 

Also,  the  estimated  value  of  tlie  means  of  transportation  attached  to  tlic  expedition,  consisting  of  barges,  battcaux, 

horses,  oxen,  &c.  belonging  to  the  public  ......... 

Estimated  saving  in  the  year  1819,  by  the  movement,      .  .  .  .  , 

Estimated  cost  of  a  regiment  stationed  at  Detroit  for  threk  years,  at  an  average  of  S39,384  per  annum,  , 

From  which  deduct  the  amount  wliicli  will  be  retjuired  foil  this  expedition,  for  the  year  1320 

for  the  year  1821 
for  the  year  1822  . 


Total  estimated  saving  by  this  expedition,  in  the  course  of  four  years. 
From  which  deduct  the  extra  expense  incurred  by  the  Missouri  expedition  in  four  years 

Fesults  in  .i  saving  to  the  government,  in  the  course  of  foUr  years,  by  the  two  expedition,  of 


323,120  00 
12,000  00 
10,000  GO 


337,068   IG 
6,300  00 


39,384  00 
5,000  00 


3118,152  00 


343,568   16 


44,384  00 


373,032  00 


373,847   84 
31,362  00 


[24] 


No.  4. 


SUMMARY  of  the  movements  ivhich  will  he  made  by  the  troops  com- 
posing the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  expeditions,  in  the  course  of 
the  ensuing  season,  and  the  manner  in  which  it  is  jjroposed  to  em- 
ploy them. 

It  is  proposed  to  move  the  rifle  regiment  from  the  Council  Bluffs 
to  the  Mandan  villages,  and  to  erect  barracks  there,  properly  defend- 
ed, for  five  Imndred  men. 

To  remove  some  of  the  principal  obsti'uctions  to  the  navigation  of 
the  Missouri  river,  such  as  planters,  sawyers,  and  rafts;  this  work 
may  be  accomplished  by  the  troops  on  the  Missouri,  in  the  course  of 
three  winters. 

To  open  a  road  from  Chariton,  in  Missouri  Territory,  to  the 
Council  Bluffs,  and  thence  to  the  Mandan  villages. 

To  open  a  road  from  the  Council  Bluffs  to  the  post  at  the  mouth 
of  Saint  Peter's,  on  the  Mississippi. 

To  improve  the  navigation  of  the  Ouisconsin  and  Fox  rivers,  and 
connect  them  by  a  canal,  or  good  road,  in  order  to  facilitate  the 
communication  between  fort  Howard,  at  Green  Bay,  and  Prairie  du 
Chien,  on  the  Mississippi;  those  rivers  are  navigable  for  batteaux, 
within  one  mile  of  each  other. 


i:  24  ] 


B. 

Letter  from  the  Secretary  of  War  to  the   Chairman  of  tJie  Military 

Committee. 

Department  oe  War, 

Q9th  December f  1819. 

Sir:  In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the — ,  requcsthia;  to  be  in- 
formed of  the  expenditures  whicli  have  been,  and  wJiich  are  likely  to 
be,  incurred  in  fittinii,*  out  and  prosecuting;  the  expedition  ordered  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Yellow  Stone,  on  tlie  Missouri  river,  and  of  the  ob- 
jects intended  to  be  accomplished  by  the  expedition,  I  have  the  honor 
to  make  the  followin.a;  statement: 

The  enclosed  report  and  estimates  from  the  Quarter  Master  Gene- 
ral, marked  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  with  a  statement  of  the  duty 
performed,  and  that  which  is  contemplated,  exhibits  the  expense  of 
the  expedition  up  the  Missouri,  for  tlie  last,  and  the  next  succeeding 
three  years,  with  a  similar  statement  in  relation  to  that  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi. Though  the  last  is  not  referred  to  in  your  letter,  yet,  as  the 
two  movements  constitute  a  part  of  the  same  system  of  measures,  I 
believed  that  it  would  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  committee  to  receive 
a  statement  of  the  whole  of  the  expenses  incurred,  or  likely  to  be  in- 
curred, in  its  execution. 

The  expedition  ordered  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yellow  Stone,  or  ra- 
ther to  the  Mandan  village,  (for  the  military  occupation  of  the  for- 
mer, depending  on  circumstances,  is  not  yet  finally  determined  on,) 
is  a  part  of  a  system  of  measures,  whicli  has  for  its  objects,  tiic  pro- 
tection of  our  northwestern  frontier,  and  tiie  greater  extension  of  our 
fur  trade.  It  is  on  that  frontier  only  that  we  liave  much  to  fear  from 
Indian  hostilities.  The  tribes  to  the  southwest  are  either  so  incon- 
siderable, or  so  surrounded  by  wliite  population,  and,  what  is  of  not 
less  importance,  so  cut  off  from  intercourse  with  all  foreign  nations, 
that  there  are  reasonable  grounds  to  believe,  that  we  shall,  in  future, 
be  almost  wholly  exempt  from  Indian  warfare  in  that  quartei*.  Very 
different  is  the  condition  of  those  on  our  northwestern  border.  They  are 
open  to  the  influence  of  a  foreign  power,  and  many  of  the  most  war- 
like and  powerful  tribes,  who,  by  the  extension  of  our  settlements,  are 
becoming  our  near  neighbors,  are  yet  very  little  acquainted  with  our 
power.  To  guard  against  their  hostility,  it  has  been  thought  proper 
to  increase  our  forces  on  that  frontier  from  one  to  three  i-egimcnts; 
and  to  occupy  new  posts,  better  calculated  to  cut  off  all  intercourse 
between  the  Indians  residing  on  our  territory,  and  foreign  traders 
or  posts;  and  to  garrison  them  w  ith  a  force  sufficiently  strong  to 
overawe  the  neighboring  tribes.     With  tliis  view,  measures  have 


C  24  3  7 

been  taken  to  establish  strong  posts  at  the  Council  Bluff  and  the  Man- 
tlan  \dlla.^e,  on  the  Missouri;  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Peter's,  on  the 
Mississippi:  and  the  falls  of  St.  Mary's,  between  lakes  Superior  and 
Huron.  The  posts  at  Green  Bay,  Chicago,  Rock  Island,  and  Prai- 
rie du  Chien,  will  still  be  continued.  The  posts  at  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Peter's,  and  at  the  Council  Bluff,  have  already  been  occupied; 
and  that  at  the  Mandan  village  will  probably  be  the  next  summer. 
The  position  at  the  falls  of  St.  Mary's  has  been  rcconnoitered,  and  it 
is  intended  to  make  preparation  the  next  summer  to  occupy  it.  The 
occupation  of  tliese  posts  with  an  aderpiate  force  will,  it  is  believed,  by 
establishing  over  the  various  tribes  in  that  quarter  the  influence  of  our 
government,  and  preventing  or  diminishing  that  of  others,  have  the 
most  beneficial  effects.  The  position  at  tlie  Council  Bluff  is  a  very 
important  one.  and  the  post  will  conserpiently  be  rendered  strong,  and 
will  beoccuj)ied  by  a  sufficient  garrison,  it  is  about  halfway  between 
St.  Louis  and  the  Mandan  village,  and  is  at  that  point  on  the 
Missouri,  which  approaches  tlie  nearest  to  the  post  at  tiie  mouth  of 
the  St.  Peter's,  with  which,  in  the  event  of  hostilities,  it  may  co- 
operate. It  is  besides  not  more  tlian  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles 
in  advance  of  our  settlements  on  the  Missouri,  and  is  in  the  centre  of 
the  most  powerful  tribes,  and  the  most  numerous  Indian  population, 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  best  position  on  the 
Missouri,  to  cover  our  flourishing  settlements  in  that  quai'ter,  and 
ought,  if  it  were  wholly  unconnected  with  other  objects,  to  be  estab- 
lished for  that  purpose  alone. 

Tiie  position  at  the  Mandan  village  has  been  selected  for  a  mili- 
tary post,  on  account  of  the  many  advantages  which  it  is  supposed  to 
possess.  At  that  point,  the  Missouri  approaches  nearest  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  Hudson  Bay  Com])any,  on  the  Red  River  of  the 
Lakes,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Assinaboin,  and  at  the  same  point,  it 
takes  a  direction  to  the  south,  which,  in  t!ie  event  of  hostilities,  would 
render  it  more  difficult,  for  any  force  which  might  be  brougiit  against 
it  from  the  possessions  of  our  northern  neighbours,  to  interrupt  its 
comnninication  with  the  posts  below.  It  is  besides  well  situated  to 
protect  our  ti-aders,  and  to  prevent  those  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Compa- 
ny from  extending  their  trade  towards  the  head  waters  of  the  Mis- 
souri, and  along  the  rocky  mountains,  within  our  limits,  which  tract 
of  country  is  said  to  abound  more  in  fur,  and  of  abetter  quality,  than 
any  other  portion  of  this  continent.  The  post  at  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Peters  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Mississippi,  and,  in  ad- 
dition to  its  commanding  j)osition,  in  relation  to  the  Indians,  it  pos- 
sesses great  advantages,  either  to  protect  our  trade,  or  prevent  that  of 
foreigners.  The  ])ost  contemplated  at  the  falls  of  St.  Mary's,  will, 
it  is  believed,  be  of  very  great  impoi'tance.  The  position,  as  has  been 
stated,  has  been  rcconnoitered,  and  it  is  found  that  the  communication 
between  the  two  lakes  can  be  commanded  from  our  side,  as  the  chan- 
nel passes  close  under  the  western  shore.  The  post  may  be  esta- 
blished and  maintained  at  very  little  additional  expense.  When  these 
posts  arc  all  cstablislied  and  occupied,  it  is  believed,  with  judicious 


8  [24] 

conduct  on  the  part  of  our  officers,  that  our  northwestern  fi'ontier 
will  be  rendered  much  more  secure  than  heretofore,  and  that  the  most 
valuable  ftir  ti'ade  in  the  world  will  be  tlirown  into  our  hands. 

Trade  and  presents,  accompanied  by  talks  calculated  for  the  pur- 
pose, are  among  the  most  powerful  means  to  contioi  the  action  of 
savages;  and  so  long  as  they  are  wielded  by  a  foreign  ha)id,  our  fron- 
tier must  CAer  be  exposed  to  the  calamity  of  Indian  warfare.  By 
the  treaty  of  1794,  Great  Britain  obtained  the  right  of  trade  and  in- 
tercourse with  the  Indians  residing  on  our  territory;  v  hich  ga\  e  her 
nearly  a  monopoly  of  the  trade  with  the  various  ti'ibes  of  the  Lakes, 
the  Mississippi,  and  Missouri,  and  a  decided  control  o\  er  all  of  tiieir 
measures.  The  effects  of  this  ascendancy  over  tlicm  must  be  remem- 
bered and  lamented,  so  long  as  the  history  of  the  late  war  shall  be 
perused.  The  most  distressing  occurrences,  and  the  gs  eatesr  disas- 
ters of  that  period,  may  be  distinctly  traced  to  it.  This  right  of  in- 
tercourse and  trade  with  the  Indians,  which  has  proved  to  us  so  per- 
nicious, terminated  in  the  war,  and  was  not  reserved  by  tlie  treaty  at 
Ghent;  and,  in  the  year  1816,  Congress  passed  a  law,  which  autho- 
rised the  President  to  prohibit  foreigners  from  trading  with  the  In- 
dians residing  within  our  limits,  and  instructions  have  been  given, 
under  the  act,  to  prevent  such  trade;  but  it  is  obvious  that  the  act  and 
instructions  to  Indian  agents  can  have  but  little  efiicacy  to  lemedy 
the  evil.  AYithout  a  military  force,  properly  distributed,  the  trade 
would  still  be  continued,  and  even  if  it  were  prevented,  tliat  which  is 
more  pernicious  would  still  remain — Indian  talks  at  the  British  posts, 
accompanied  with  a  profuse  distribution  of  presents. 

TJiis  intercourse  is  the  great  source  of  danger  to  our  peace;  and, 
until  that  is  stopped,  our  frontier  cannot  be  safe.  It  is  estimated  that 
upwards  of  three  thousand  Indians,  from  our  side  of  the  lakes,  visit- 
ed Maiden  and  Drummond's  Island,  the  last  year;  and  that,  at  the 
latter  place  alone,  presents  were  distributed  to  them  to  the  amount 
of  ninety-flve  thousand  dollars.  It  is  desirable  that  this  intercourse 
should  terminate  by  the  act  of  the  British  government;  and  it  is  be- 
lieved that  it  has  been  continued  by  its  agents  in  Canada,  rather  in 
consequence  of  tiie  practice  before  the  late  war,  under  the  treaty  of 
1794,  than  by  the  direct  sanction  and  authority  of  that  government. 
Its  attention  has,  however,  been  called  to  it,  through  the  proper  de- 
partment; and,  as  it  is  wholly  inconsistent  with  tlie  friendly  relations 
between  the  two  countries,  it  is  hoped  that  it  will  not  be  permitted  in 
future.  The  occupation  of  the  contemplated  posts  will,  in  the  mean 
time,  put  in  our  hand  the  power  to  correct  the  evil.  The  posts  on 
the  lakes  will  enable  the  government,  not  only  to  check  effectually 
all  trade  with  foreigners  in  that  quarter,  but  also  to  restrain  the  In- 
dians from  passing  our  limits.  On  that  side,  the  remedy  will  be  com- 
plete. On  the  Mississippi  and  the  Missouri,  the  posts  at  the  St.  Pe- 
tei''s  and  Mandan  village,  are  well  selected  foj-  the  same  purpose. 
From  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  westwardly,  the  49th  parallel  of  lati- 
tude is  the  boundary  established  by  the  late  convention  between  the 
Ujiited  States  and  the  British  possessions.     The  Hudson  Bay  and 


[   24  ]  9 

the  North  West  companies  liave  several  posts  and  ti'ading  establish- 
ments, which  are  believed  to  be  much  to  the  south  of  this  line,  and, 
consequently,  within  our  territoiy.  When  the  boundary  is  ascer- 
tained and  marked,  the  policy  of  the  act  of  the  29th  April,  1816,  al- 
ready referred  to,  may,  by  means  of  those  posts,  be  effectually  enforc- 
ed; and  in  that  quarter,  as  well  as  on  the  side  of  the  lakes,  we  will 
have  the  power  to  exclude  foreigners  from  trade  and  intercourse  with 
the  Indians  residing  within  our  limits.  The  facility  of  communica- 
tion, by  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  with  our  posts  on  those  rivers, 
is  so  much  greater  than  tliat  between  Hudson  Bay  or  Montreal,  (par- 
ticularly witliout  passing  through  our  territory,)  and  the  British 
posts  north  of  ours,  that  our  ascendancy  over  the  Indians  of  those 
rivers,  both  as  to  trade  and  power,  ought,  with  judicious  measures  on 
our  part,  to  be  complete. 

I  deem  it  my  duty  respectfully  to  suggest  to  the  committee,  as  it  is 
intimately  connected  with  the  subject  of  the  present  inquiry,  that  the 
pi'esent  system  of  Indian  trade  is  defective;  and  that,  besides  endan- 
gering the  peace  of  our  country,  it  cannot  meet,  on  equal  terms,  the 
well  organized  trading  associations  of  our  northern  neighbors.  I 
will,  however,  forbear  from  presenting  any  additional  observations 
on  this  point,  as  the  report  which  I  had  tiie  honor  to  make  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  on  the  5th  December,  1818,  contains  my 
views  in  relation  to  it. 

The  ultimate  success  of  the  contemplated  measures  must,  neces- 
sarily, depend  very  much  on  the  manner  in  which  they  are  executed. 
With  this  impression,  great  care  has  been  taken  to  select  officers  every 
way  well  calculated  to  effect  the  objects  of  government.  Strict  orders 
have  also  been  given  to  use  every  effort  to  preser^e  peace  with  the 
Indians,  and  impress  them  favorably  witli  our  character;  and  it  af- 
foi'ds  me  much  pleasure  to  state  to  the  committee,  that  the  conduct  of 
colonel  Atkinson  (who  has  received  every  aid,  in  the  Indian  depart- 
ment, from  major  O'Fallon,  the  agent,)  and  colonel  Leavenworth, 
the  former  of  whom  commands  the  troops  on  the  Missouri,  and  tlie 
latter  those  on  the  Mississippi,  as  well  as  that  of  their  officers  and 
men,  has  been  a  ery  satisfactory,  and  has  fully  justified  the  confidence 
reposed  in  them.  There  is  every  reason  to  expect  that,  under  their 
judicious  conduct,  the  posts  will  be  established  and  mamtained,  with- 
out exciting  the  hostility  or  jealousy  of  the  Indians. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  your  most  obedient  servant, 

J.  C.  CALHOUN. 

Honorable  A.  Smyth, 

Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Jffairs. 


iO  [24] 


Adjutant  &  Inspector  General's  Office, 

^Ist  December,  1819. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to^Say  before  you  an  abstract  return  of 
the  army  by  regiments  and  corps,  and  a  return  by  posts,  taken  from 
the  last  returns  on  file  in  this  office. 

When  the  returns  due  at  the  close  of  this  year  are  received  at  this 
office,  I  shall  be  able  to  present  a  more  perfect  report  of  the  army. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be. 
Sir, 
With  perfect  respect. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

D.  PARKER,  Mj.  ^  Insp.  Gen. 

To  the  Secretary  of  War. 


1 


;S'?9810 


f*l 


DII^TRIBUTION— Division  of  the  South— Continued. 


DEPARTMENTS. 

rORTIFICATIONS,  &C. 

COMMANDING  omCERS. 

KEGIMENTS  AND  CORPS.                                             AGGREGATE.                                                      WHERESITUATED,  &c.  &C.  &c. 

Department  M.  8. 

Fort  Montgomery, 

Fort  Gaines, 

Fort  Scott,     . 

Fort  Gadsden, 

Fort  St.  Marks, 

Camps  Gibson  and  Young, 

Montpclier,     . 

Fort  Crawford. 

Fort  Charlotte. 

Fort  St.  Philip, 

Fort  St.  John, 

Depot, 

Ripley  Barracks, 

New  Orleans, 

Baton  Rouge, 

Red  River, 

Camp  Sabine, 

Captain  Montgomery,     . 
Lieutenant  Branch, 
Captain  Clinch, 
Majjor  Fanning, 

Major  Mcintosh, 
Major  Dinkins, 
Captain  Mclvin, 

Major  Humphreys, 

Lieutenant  Symington,   . 
Major  Swett,       . 
Major  Many, 
Captain  Cl.otard, 
Captain  Coombs, 
Lieutenant  Spencer, 

7th  infantry,              .... 
rth     ditto      ..... 
7th     ditto      ..... 
4th  battalion  artillery,  2  companies, 
7tli  infantry,  late  4tli  infanti-y, 
8th  infantry,  and  1  company  4th  bat.  artillery, 
4th  infanti'y,              .... 
4th  infantry,              .... 
1  company  3d  battalion  corps  artillery. 

ditto           ditto           ditto 

ditto           ditto           ditto 
Detachment  ordnance, 
1  company  3d  battalion  artillery, 
Head  (piartcrs,  3d  battalion  artillery, 
1st  infantry,               .... 
1st    ditto      ..... 
Detachment  1st  infantry. 
Military  convicts,     .... 

Aggregate  of  Department  No.  8, 

14 

15 
149 
155 

31 
479 
169 

39 

84 
103 

79 
8 

84 

4 

212 

56 
105 
107 

Between  Alabait.  River  and  Bear  Creek,  A.  T. 

Sixty  miles  N.  V.  from  Fort  Scott. 

On  Flint  River,  Icorgia. 

East  side  of  Applachicola  River. 

Mouth  of  St.  Msk's  River,  E.  F. 

North  and  south  nd  military  road. 

Mouth  of  tlic  Esmibia. 
Mobile,  AlabameTcrritorj . 

Near  New  Orleai. 

ditto        ditto 
Louisiana  Territy. 

ditto        dittn 

Sabine  River. 
Near  New  Orleai 

1,893 

DepnHmenl  .To.  9. 

Arsenal,          .... 
Camp  on  the  Missouri, 

I 

Lieutenant  Ward, 
Colonel  Atkinson, 

Detachment  ordnance, 

6th  regiment  infantry,  and  rifle  regiment,     . 

Aggregate  of  Department  No.  9, 

T 
1,120 

New  Port,  Kihti^.                                      ^ 
On  the  Missuii   ivcr. 

1,127 

STRENGTH    OF    SOUTH    DIVISION, 

.3,936 

1 

I 


:sia©^i?a^®iL^^®s5o 


Strength  of    North  Division, 
Strength   of   South    Division, 


AGGREGATE    OF    THE    ABMZ 


4,083 
3,936 


BY  POSTS. 


c—24 


/VDJUTANT    AND    INSPECTOR    GENERAL'S    OFFICE,  November  30,  1819.        1 

Taken  from  the  last  Returns  on  file  in  thu  Office. 

1).  PARKER,  Adjutant  &  Inspector  General 


I, 


DISTRIBUTION-- Division  of  the  North— Continued. 


Separtment  M).  4. 


Fort  Mifflin, 

Arsenal, 

Arsenal, 

Fort  McHcnry, 

Arsenal, 

Fort  Madison, 

Fort  Severn, 

Fort  Washington, 


COMMANDING  OFFICERS. 


Captain  Mountfort, 
Captain  Recs, 
Major  Wdolley, 
Colonel  Hindinan, 
Lieutenant  Baden, 

Lieutenant  Andrews, 

Lieutenant  Ansart 


REGIMENTS  AND  COBPS. 


1  company  3d  battalion  ai-tillery. 
Detachment  ordnance, 
Detachment  oidnauce, 
1  company  3d  battalion  artillery, 
Detacliuient  ordnance 

1  company  3d  battalion  ai-tillcry, 

1  ditto  ditto 


Aggeegate  of  Department  No.  4, 


AGGREGATE. 


■WHERE  SITUATED,  AcC.  &C.  &C. 


Delaware  River,  Pennsylvania. 

On  the  Schuylkill  and  Frankford  Creek,  Pennsylvania. 

Pittsburgli,  Pennsylvania. 

Kear  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Near  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Annapolis,  Maryland. 

On  the  Potomac,  near  Alexandria. 


Department  JVo.  1. 


Department  Xo.  5. 


Plattsburgh,  . 
Sacketfs  Harbor, 
Fort  Pike,  . 
Fort  Niagara, 
Greenbusli,  . 
Arsenal, 
Arsenal, 


Detroit, 

Macliinac, 

Fort  Howard, 

Fort  Dearborn,  .    ' 

Praire  du  Chein,  i 

Mouth  of  river  St.  Pewt 

Fort  Armstrong,  | 


Lieutenant  Colonel  Pinkney, 

Colonel  Brady, 

Cajitaiii  Hclleman, 

Lieutenant  Loud, 

Major  Worth, 

Captain  Welsh, 

Major  Dalaby, 


3  companies  2d  infantry, 

2d  infantry,  6  companies, 

1  company  1st  battalion  artillery, 

1     ditto  ditto  ditto 

2d  infantry,  1  company. 

Detachment  ordnance. 

Detachment  ordnance. 


Aggregate  of  Department  No.  1, 


252 
381 
118 


Major  Chunn, 

Lieutenant  Colonel  LawTence,    . 

Colonel  Sniitli.    . 

Captain  Baker,   . 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Leavenworth, 


1  comp.  1st  bat  art.  and  2  comp.  3d  infantry, 
Coi'ps  artillery  1  battalion  and  3d  infantry, 
3d  inr.iKirj,  4  Companies,       ,  ,         '    , 

3d  infantry,  2  companies, 

5th  regiment  of  infantry, 


AgGBEGATE  of  DEPARTMtNT  No.  5, 


204 
208 
158 


STRENGTH    OF    NORTH    DIVISION, 


4,083 


New  York. 
New  York. 
New  York. 
Niagara,  New  York. 
New  York. 
Rome,  New  York. 
Watervlict,  New  York. 


Michigan  Territoi'y. 

Green  Bay, 
Chicago. 

Rock  Riv^. 


I 


^ 


DI8li^    iJTION  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED    vrAT^k 


DEPAKTMENTS. 

POKTlFICATl  J.    ^ 

Department  JVb.  6. 

Arsenal, 
Fort  Nelson, 

Fort  Norfolk, 
Craney  Island, 
Arsenal, 
Fort  Johnson, 

Department  JVo.  7. 

Fort  Johnston,           "1 
Castle  Pinkney.          i 
Fort  Moultrie,             '' 
Fort  Mechomic, 
Arsenal, 
Fort  Jackson, 
Fernandina, 
Cantonment, 

<l— 24 


' 

.?     -          —  V 

r 

^  - 

COMMANDING  omcERS. 

BEGIMyTS  AND  COBPS. 

aggregate.                                              ■  »,  3JUJ  SITI'ATI  '    ^  c.  &c.  &c. 

r  iiptain  Nelson,               .            • 
Uieiitcnant  Colonel  McRea, 
Captain  Lomax, 
Lieutenant  Harrison, 
l.ietifcnant  Hills, 
I'yieutenant  Gait, 

Detacliment  ordince. 

Corps  artillery,  i  battalion,  licad  quarters, 

1  company  corpof  artillery,  2d  hatfalion,  . 

1     ditto              tto                 ditto 

Detachment  ordmce, 

1  company  corprf  artillery,  2d  hattalion,    . 

Aggbegas  op  Department  No.  6, 

42 
93 
59 
50 
43 
58 

Owenleai'                                        C'itv. 
NorfoU 

345 

1 

ajor  Bankhead, 

ptain  Margart,           .            , 

ptain  Payne, 
jor  Burtl, 

2  companies  1st  it.  artillery,  head  quarters. 

Ordnance,      ..... 
7tli  infantry,           .... 
Detachment  1st  ittalion  artillery,   . 
ditto        4th  «d  rth  infantry,     . 

Aggregat,  of  Department  No.  7, 

157 

1 

7 
44 
362 

■aiic-  .11!  ^^1)or,  -outU  Cai '  ina. 

K.    '.-    >4,  iikiuth  C'clina,  no     ilistcd  men, 
vai  .:.! .  Cieorijia. 

'.!an|L 
Hilii,  Georp'^ 

571 

-k 

1. 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last 
date  stamped  below 


.n.'4i(3r,44) 


lOMJO  OMiaJfiVKWOD 


X  JO  MOIXI 


J 


•  V      i^.  .   ..  -— -^-  ■..■■k^."^»..-. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

Shewing   the    Strength  >Df    Posts    and    Garrisons.       Division    of   the    North — Major    General    Brown    Commanding. 


DEPAllTMENTS. 


Itepurlment  .Vo.  2. 


Department  A'o. 


roBTIFICATIONS,  &C. 


Foil  Sullivan. 

Fort  Picblc, 

Fort  SranimcU, 

Fort  McClar.v, 

Fort  Constitution, 

Fort  Scwall, 

Fort  Independence, 

Fort  Wari'en, 

Arsenals, 

Fort  Wolcott, 

Fort  Adams, 

Fort  Green. 

Battery  attlicDumpUns, 

Foi-t  Hamilton. 

Foit  Griswold,  "> 

Fort  Trumbull,  J 


Fort  Columbus, 
Castle  Williams, 
Fort  Lewis, 
Fort  Wood, 
Fort  Gibson. 
Castle  Clinton, 
Humbert  battery, 
Fort  Gansevoort, 
Arsenal, 
Post, 


COMMAJTDING  OFFICERS. 


Lieutenant  Brent, 
Major  Crane, 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Walback, 
Captain  Leonard, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Eustis, 
Captain  Talcott, 

Captain  Eastman, 
Captain  McDowell, 


Lieutenant  Colonel  House, 


Captain  Hayden, 
Major  Tliayer, 


REGIMENTS  AND  CORPS. 


Detachment  second  battalion  artillery, 
1  company        ditto  ditto 

3  companies      ditto  ditto 

1  company  light  artillery 
5  companies  light  artillery. 
Detachment  ordnance, 

2  companies  light  artillery, 

1  company  light  artillery, 

Aggregate  of  Department  No. 


S  companies  4th  battalion,  and  Ist  company 
2d  battalion,  ai-tillery, 


Detachment  ordnance, 

1  company  bombai'iliei's,  &c. 

Aggregate  of  Department  No.  3, 


aggregate. 


103 
199 


where  situated,  &c.  &c.  &c. 


Eastport,  Fassania(|Uoddy,  Maine. 
Portland  harbor,  Maine. 

Kittery,  Maine,  and  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire. 
Mai'blehead,  Massachusetts. 
Boston  harbor,  Massachusetts. 
Charlestowni  and  Watertown,  Massachusetts. 

Newport  harbor^  Rhode  Island. 
New  London,  Connecticut. 


New- York  harbor.  New- York. 


New-York  City,  Me 
AYest  Point,  New^( 


'ew-York. 
ork. 


■fVrN  LI    li>  OrjCi*^  1  UK    LrJli^N  tjii. 


by  Regiments  and   C 

^orps ;    take 

Q  from  th 

===~-__ 

"MMiss.o^^ 

NON-COMMISSIONED 

OFFICEas. 

OFFICERS  AND 
PRIVATES. 

AGGREGATE. 

42 

41 
19 
18 
19 

585 

42 
626 

380 

399 

4fH 

419 

350 

369 

13 

276 

289 

35 

675 

710 

32 

377 

409 

33 

381 

414 

252 

3,423 

5,677 

54 

54 

22 

216 

238 

23 

237 

260 

13 

336 

354 

19 

235 

254 

33 

344 

377 

37 

532 

569 

34 

460 

494 

54 

199 

233 

20 

400 

420 

24 

608 

632 

107 

107 

.       .  . 

'" 

...,-. 

1                        

■= 

7,669 

7,101 

568 



1 

102 

120 

18 

■ 

1                                

35-4 

395 

41 

- 

7,557 

8,184 

C2r 

-======- 

hose  of  preceding 

ADJUTANT  AND  INSPECTOR  GENERAL'S  OFFICE,  30;|^  jVovember,   1819. 


Strength  of  the  Ar; 


NORTH  DIVISION. 


SOUTH  DIVISION. 


NOTE — Althoiisli  the  recruit 
The  terms  of  the  hist  of  the  wai'  me 
months).  To  balance  this,  however, 
and  the  recruits  at  different  rcndezv. 

«— 24 


! 

United  States,  by  Regiments  and 

Corps;    taken  from  the  last  Retm'ns  o«i  file  in  this  Office. 

1 

REGIMENTS  AND  COKPS. 

COMMISSIONED 
OFFICERS. 

NON-COMMISSIONED 

OFFICERS  AND 

PRIVATES. 

AGGREGATE. 

jIEMARKS. 

light  artillery,     . 
ti  corps  of  artillery, 

ditto 

ditto 

ditto 

ent  of  infantry, 
xt  of  infantry,    . 
t  of  infantry, 

43 
41 
19 
18 
19 

13 

35 
32 
33 

585 
380 
401 
350 
275 

675 
377 
381 

42 
626 
399 
419 
369 

289 
710 
409 
414 

Head  quarters  Browm  ille.  New  York. 

Head  quai-ters  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Head  quai-ters  BaltimoiMj,  Maryland. 

Head  quarters  Fort  Cuistitution,  Portsmouth,  N.  Hampshire. 

Head  quartei's  Fort  Mi  Henry.  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
f  Head  quai-tei's  New  Ytrk  harbor.     No  return  of  Stockton's 
\       company — not  inch  ded  in  aggregate. 

Head  ([iiai'tcrs  Sackett's  harbor.  New  York. 

Head  quarters  Fort  Hcward,  Green  Bay. 

Head  quarters  Praii'ie  du  Chicn,  Missouri. 

TOTAL, 

252 

3,425 

3,677 

1  corps  of  artillery, 
itto           ditto 
itto           ditto 
itto            ditto 
t  of  intantry, 
tto        ditto 
tto        ditto 
tto        ditto 
tto        ditto 

lets, 

34 

23 
18 
19 
33 
ST 
34 
34 
20 
24 

216 
237 
336 
233 
344 
532 
460 
199 
400 
608 
107 

54 
238 
260 
354 
254 
377 
569 
494 
233 
420 
632 
107 

Head  quarters  NiUshvilBe,  Tennessee. 

Head  quarters  Charle^ion  harbor.  South  Carolina. 

Head  quarters  Norfolk.  Virginia. 

Head  quarters  New  Or'cans,  Louisiana. 

Head  (|uarters  Huntsville,  Alabama  Territory. 

Head  quai'ters  Baton  Bouge,  Louisiana. 

Head  quai-tcrs  Montpelier. 

On  Missouri  river. 

Head  quarters  Fort  Scott,  Alabama. 

Head  quarters  near  Nc  V  Orleans. 

On  the  Missouri  river. 

Near  New  Orleans. 

'                             TOTAL.               .               .     • 

31G 

3,G76 

S,D9a 

regiments  and  b;i1t;ilir)ns, 

568 

7,101 

7,669 

! 

artraent,             .... 

18 

102 

120 

Academic  slalV  and  cad^jt;.  ,„jt  inciuded. 

artment,             .... 

41 

354 

395 

Jte,         . 

cer 

7,557 

8,184 

lerally  been  suc-essful,  this  return  exhibits  an  aggregate  of  severti  hundred  less  than  those  of  preceding  quarters.  This  may  be  explainicJ  by  the  following  considerations : 
were  enlisted  in  1814,  expire  about  this  time;  to  which  must  be  added  the  unusual  number  of  desertions— (from  one  regiment  they  hav*.  exceeded  one  hundred  men  in  six 
an  six  hundred  recruits  on  their  march  to  join,  which,  together  with  ditachnicnts  not  included  in  the  monthly  retui'na  made  at  the  hcajd  quarters  of  regiments  and  corps, 
cvcd,  make  the  aggi'egatc  of  the  army  9,000  at  the  close  of  this  )ear. 


Lithomount 

Pamphlet 

Binder 

Gaylord  Bros.,  Inc. 


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1^^ 


,''^M^ 


